Only the Shadows Know: the Evolving Performance of Wayang in Java

This article explores how wayang performers in Java and abroad adapted to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. With live performances cancelled, dhalang developed innovative online formats, ranging from small benefit shows to experimental solo performances. Figures such as Ki Seno Nugroho, Ki Purbo Asmoro, Ki Manteb Soedarsono, Ki Cahyo Kuntadi, and Ki Midiyanto created new models for wayang, incorporating livestreaming, reduced ensembles, family participation, and even long-distance collaborations between Indonesia and the United States. Fundraising efforts supported entire artistic communities, while simultaneous translation by Kitsie Emerson made performances accessible to international audiences. These adaptations highlight the resilience of wayang and its ability to evolve in response to crisis.